Caucasians in the ranks of Islamic State (ISIL). (
CaucasianKnot).
Different sources, including the Russia's FSB, have confirmed the
information that militants from Russia are fighting for the Islamic
State (IS) (earlier – the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – ISIL), a
self-proclaimed entity in the territory of Syria and Iraq. The material
of the "Caucasian Knot" below tells about penetration of natives of the Caucasus into the conflict zone and provides estimates of the number of them.
"Islamic State": overview
The organization "Islamic State" was created on October 15, 2006, as a
result of the merger of 11 radical Sunni groupings. At the same time,
they adopted a draft "Constitution" entitled "Notice to Mankind about
Birth of Islamic State". Until 2013, its name was "Islamic State of
Iraq" (ISI). The organization set a target to capture the Sunni part of
Iraq and turn it into a militarized Islamic Sunni state, as soon as the
forces of the international coalition led by the USA, left Iraq.
On April 9, 2013, the grouping named "Islamic State of Iraq and the
Levant" (ISIL) was formed with the aim to establish an Islamic Emirate
in the territory of Lebanon, Syria and Iraq. The Levant is a historical
region in the eastern Mediterranean, which covers the territory of
Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Palestine, Egypt, Turkey and Cyprus.
Starting June 2014, ISIL launched an attack on several areas of
Northern Iraq by organizing a large-scale offensive in Sunni provinces.
By October 2014, ISIL occupied one-third of Iraq.
The terrorist organization is made up of the militants who once
fought against US forces during their stay in Iraq, and against the
forces of the government of Bashar al-Assad in Syria.
By September 2014, according to the estimates of the CIA (US Central
Intelligence Agency), the membership of the grouping reached some
20,000-31,500 persons. The IS troops include Mujahideens from 80
countries, including France, UK, Germany, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, USA,
Canada and Russia.
Since the moment of its inception, ISIL has been closely connected
with the international terrorist network "Al-Qaeda", but in February
2014 the latter declared a break-off with the "Islamic State". The
reason for the split was in the quarrel of the ISIL with the official
branch of "Al-Qaeda" in Syria named "Djabkhat an-Nusra".
In late June 2014, the grouping changed its name and became known as
just the "Islamic State". The establishment of Caliphate was proclaimed
led by militants' leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (Abdullah Ibragim
as-Samarai).
The "Islamic State" has been recognized as a terrorist organization
by Australia, UK, Indonesia, Canada, Saudi Arabia, USA, Turkey and other
countries.
On September 8, 2014, the grouping "Islamic State" was recognized as a
terrorist organization by the League of Arab States. Besides, the
"Islamic State" is subject to international sanctions in accordance with
Resolutions of the UN Security Council passed against "Al-Qaeda" and
its affiliated organizations.
Gennady Gatilov, a Russian Deputy Foreign Minister, in one of his
speeches has treated the ISIL as an "extremist" organization involved in
"terrorist activities".
On September 3, 2014, supporters of the "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant"
distributed the video record, in which they accused Russia of supplying weapons to Bashar al-Assad and threatened to start a war in the Caucasus.
Islamic State and natives of the Caucasus
How many natives of the Caucasus fight for "Islamic State"?
In June 2013, Russian authorities admitted the participation of
citizens of the Russian Federation in the conflict. The Russia's FSB
Director Alexander Bortnikov expressed concern about the fact that
some 200 militants from Russia were fighting for jihadists in Syria. The Chechen leadership also
admitted that residents of the republic were taking part in the war in Syria. It was reported that
from a few hundreds up to 1700 natives of Chechnya were at war in the region.
In September 2013, it became known that militants from Northern Caucasus
formed a military unit named "Al-Mukhadjirin" (immigrants) in the city of Aleppo
in Northern Syria. It was headed by a Chechen named Abu Abdurakhman.
Most members of the unit had experience of fighting in the Caucasus.
In July 2014, Sergey Kamenny, the head of the FSB in Kabardino-Balkaria, said that
more than 60 citizens of his republic were among the international terrorist groupings operating in Syria.
On September 3, 2014, supporters of the "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant"
spread a video with a threat to start a war in the Caucasus and "liberate the Caucasus by the mercy of Allah."
According to Sergey Smirnov, First Deputy Director of the FSB,
some 300-400 mercenaries from Russia, now involved in the Syrian conflict, may come back to Russia.
According to Abu Umar al-Shishani, a field commander of Chechen
origin, "500 Caucasians, who had fought against Bashar al-Assad in
Syria, were killed." The al-Shishani's grouping, which is at war under
the banner of the ISIL, has between 700 and 1000 members; among them
there are several hundreds of Caucasians.
It is noteworthy that the authors of the information-analytical bulletin prepared by
the Human Rights Centre (HRC) "Memorial" report that
the drop in the number of victims of the conflict in Northern Caucasus, noticed in 2014,
was associated with the fact that part of radicals went to Syria. Read the full story
here.